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Luíz Bonfá - Brazilian guitarist and composer who wrote music for the film Black Orpheus. Check out his 1962 collaboration with Stan Getz “Jazz Samba.” Charlie Byrd- American guitarist who recorded many bossa nova albums. Elis Regina- Early bossa nova singer who tragically died at the age of 36 in 1982. Sergio Mendes- Brazilian pianist most famous for his bossa nova arrangement of Jorge Ben Jor’s samba classic “Mas Que Nada.” Mendes is a prolific arranger and has arranged many Beatles songs in a bossa nova style with his band Brasil 66. His album Getz/Gilberto is a bossa nova classic and was the catalyst for bossa nova’s global popularity. Stan Getz - American jazz saxophonist who played a key role in introducing bossa nova to the anglophone world. Was married to João Gilberto before getting divorced and starting a relationship with her musical partner, American jazz saxophonist Stan Getz. Astrud Gilberto- Brazilian singer famous for singing “The Girl From Ipanema” (Garota de Ipanema). Many of Jobim’s songs were first recorded by Gilberto. Joã o Gilberto - Guitarist and contemporary to Tom Jobim. Antonio Carlos “Tom” Jobim- Brazilian pianist, singer, and composer responsible for composing a huge proportion of the bossa nova standard repertoire still played to this day. What recordings should you listen to? Here is a short list of bands and artists that will give you a brief introduction to the style: Notice how in samba they tend to be notated in 2/4 with semiquavers, compared to common time with quavers in bossa nova. Here are some common samba tamborim and agogô bell rhythms that have become common in bossa nova drum kit playing. Like clave this rhythm can be switched around so either bar is played 1st, like so That being said, the following rhythm has been described as the “brazilian clave” due to its popularity, particularly in bossa nova music. In Brazilian music, there is no such rhythm, and most rhythms are interchangeable for other variations. It’s almost like a musical metronome which helps the whole band to “lock-in” together. It is a rhythm played by 2 small, thick wooden sticks called “claves” which never varies throughout a song. In Cuban music, the clave is a rhythmic concept around which all the music is constructed. While the word clave doesn’t really apply to Brazilian music, it has been used by students more familiar with Afro-Cuban music to describe one specific Brazilian rhythm. We’ll also compare how rhythms common to both bossa nova and samba are usually notated in each style. Let’s look at some common bossa nova rhythms and how they’re notated. 
In the words of bossa nova singer Rosa Passos “fry the egg, but don’t break the yolk.” If bossa nova is played too straight it can feel slightly uninformed, the sway present helps the music to feel relaxed. If we imagine the “scale of swing” that we spoke about in the samba article, with one side of the scale being fully fledged uneven samba 16th notes, and the other side being completely even notes, bossa nova should sit somewhere in the middle. The rhythmic sway in bossa nova is not quite as pronounced as it is in samba, although it is still present.
It is far more common for a bossa nova drummer to play tamborim or agogo bell rhythms on the snare drum, using a cross-stick to produce a dry, woody tone. While the snare drum is common in bossa nova (as part of a standard drum kit), it is rarely played the same way as a caixa. In samba, the caixa (snare drum) plays an important role in increasing energy and outlining the rhythmic swing that’s unique to the style.While the pulse in samba music is driven by the surdos, the absence of these instruments in bossa nova mean that this role has to be taken by the drum kit player, usually in the bass drum.Samba is usually notated in 2/4 using 16th notes, while due to its slower tempo and relationship to jazz music, bossa nova is commonly notated in 4/4 using 8th notes. Both styles are felt in 2, though they’re usually notated differently.Before we do, let’s look at which rhythmic elements samba and bossa nova have in common. We’ll look later at exactly how a bossa nova drummer might approximate certain elements of a samba percussion ensemble using the drum kit.
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